Cavities: What They Are and How to Prevent Them

What Are Cavities?

Cavities are small holes that form in your teeth. They happen when bacteria in your mouth use sugar from foods and drinks to make acid. This acid damages tooth enamel, which is the hard outer layer of your teeth. Even though enamel is very strong, once it is damaged, it cannot grow back.

How Cavities Form

After eating, food and bacteria can stick to your teeth and form a sticky layer called plaque. If plaque is not cleaned away by brushing and flossing, the bacteria produce acid. Over time, this acid wears away the enamel and creates cavities. Cavities often form on the tops of back teeth or between teeth where food gets trapped.

Signs and Problems Caused by Cavities

Early cavities may look like white spots and might not hurt at first. If cavities are not treated, they can grow bigger and turn brown or black. Cavities can cause toothaches, pain when chewing, sensitivity to hot or cold foods, infections, and even tooth loss.

Who Is More Likely to Get Cavities?

Kids are more likely to get cavities if they eat a lot of sugary snacks or drinks, snack often between meals, or do not brush and floss regularly. Dry mouth, cracked teeth, and not getting enough fluoride can also increase the risk.

How to Prevent Cavities

Brushing your teeth twice a day with fluoride toothpaste helps protect enamel and remove plaque. Flossing every day cleans between teeth where a toothbrush cannot reach. Drinking fluoridated water helps keep teeth strong. Limiting sugary foods and drinks, especially between meals, reduces acid attacks on teeth. Visiting the dentist regularly helps catch cavities early and keep teeth healthy.

Extra Protection for Teeth

Dentists can place sealants on back teeth to protect them from bacteria and food getting stuck in grooves. Fluoride treatments can also help repair early damage and prevent cavities from getting worse.